One of the most common conditions that affects millions of people worldwide is arthritis. It encompasses more than 100 different types of joint diseases and conditions, which can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. It can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. Here’s an in-depth look at arthritis, including its types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Types of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, often referred to as “wear and tear” arthritis. This kind of arthritis happen when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time.
Symptoms
- Pain – Joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest.
- Stiffness – Especially noticeable in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
- Swelling – Joints may become swollen and tender.
- Loss of Flexibility – Reduced range of motion in the affected joints.
- Bone Spurs – Extra bits of bone, which feel like hard lumps, can form around the affected joint.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the lining of the joints, causing inflammation and damage.
Symptoms
- Joint Pain – Often affects the same joints on both sides of the body.
- Swelling – Joints become swollen, red, and warm to the touch.
- Stiffness – Particularly severe in the morning and lasting for more than 30 minutes.
- Fatigue – General feeling of being unwell or tired.
- Fever and Weight Loss – Occasional fever and unexpected weight loss.
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)
Psoriatic arthritis affects some people with psoriasis, a condition characterized by red patches of skin topped with silvery scales.
Symptoms
- Joint Pain and Swelling – Similar to RA but often affects fewer joints.
- Skin Symptoms – Psoriatic skin lesions.
- Nail Changes – Pitting or separation of the nail from the nail bed.
- Enthesitis – Inflammation at the sites where tendons and ligaments are attached to the bone.
Gout
Gout is a type of arthritis characterised by sudden and severe attacks of pain, redness, and tenderness in joints, often the joint at the base of the big toe.
